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Group 2

1    Goss, D. A. & Jackson, T. W. Clinical findings before the onset of myopia in youth: 3. Heterophoria. Optom Vis Sci 73, 269-278 (1996).
2    Thorn, F., Gwiazda, J. & Held, R. Myopia progression is specified by a double exponential growth function. Optom Vis Sci 82, 286-297 (2005).
3    Mutti, D. O. et al. Refractive error, axial length, and relative peripheral refractive error before and after the onset of myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48, 2510-2519, doi:10.1167/iovs.06-0562 (2007).
4    Xiang, F., He, M. & Morgan, I. G. Annual changes in refractive errors and ocular components before and after the onset of myopia in Chinese children. Ophthalmology 119, 1478-1484, doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.01.017 (2012).
5    Berntsen, D. A., Mutti, D. O. & Zadnik, K. Study of Theories about Myopia Progression (STAMP) design and baseline data. Optom Vis Sci 87, 823-832, doi:10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181f6f776 (2010).
6    Mutti, D. O. et al. The Response AC/A Ratio Before and After the Onset of Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 58, 1594-1602, doi:10.1167/iovs.16-19093 (2017).
7    Rudnicka, A. R. et al. Global variations and time trends in the prevalence of childhood myopia, a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis: implications for aetiology and early prevention. Br J Ophthalmol 100, 882-890, doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307724 (2016).
8    Rose, K. A. et al. Myopia, lifestyle, and schooling in students of Chinese ethnicity in Singapore and Sydney. Archives of Ophthalmology 126, 527-530, doi:10.1001/archopht.126.4.527 (2008).
9    Ramamurthy, D., Lin Chua, S. Y. & Saw, S. M. A review of environmental risk factors for myopia during early life, childhood and adolescence. Clin Exp Optom 98, 497-506, doi:10.1111/cxo.12346 (2015).
10    Xiong, S. et al. Time spent in outdoor activities in relation to myopia prevention and control: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Acta Ophthalmol 95, 551-566, doi:10.1111/aos.13403 (2017).
11    Wu, P. C. et al. Myopia Prevention and Outdoor Light Intensity in a School-Based Cluster Randomized Trial. Ophthalmology 125, 1239-1250, doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.12.011 (2018).
12    Flitcroft, D. I. The complex interactions of retinal, optical and environmental factors in myopia aetiology. Progress in retinal and eye research 31, 622-660, doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.06.004 (2012).
13    Ngo, C., Saw, S. M., Dharani, R. & Flitcroft, I. Does sunlight (bright lights) explain the protective effects of outdoor activity against myopia? Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 33, 368-372, doi:10.1111/opo.12051 (2013).
14    Hsu, C. C. et al. Risk factors for myopia progression in second-grade primary school children in Taipei: a population-based cohort study. Br J Ophthalmol 101, 1611-1617, doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309299 (2017).
15    Guo, Y. et al. Outdoor activity and myopia progression in 4-year follow-up of Chinese primary school children: The Beijing Children Eye Study. PLoS One 12, e0175921, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175921 (2017).
16    Lee, Y. Y., Lo, C. T., Sheu, S. J. & Yin, L. T. Risk factors for and progression of myopia in young Taiwanese men. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 22, 66-73, doi:10.3109/09286586.2014.988874 (2015).
17    Oner, V., Bulut, A., Oruc, Y. & Ozgur, G. Influence of indoor and outdoor activities on progression of myopia during puberty. Int Ophthalmol 36, 121-125, doi:10.1007/s10792-015-0091-5 (2016).
18    Saxena, R. et al. Incidence and progression of myopia and associated factors in urban school children in Delhi: The North India Myopia Study (NIM Study). PLoS One 12, e0189774, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189774 (2017).
19    Huang, H. M., Chang, D. S. & Wu, P. C. The Association between Near Work Activities and Myopia in Children-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 10, e0140419, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140419 (2015).
20    Zadnik, K. et al. Prediction of Juvenile-Onset Myopia. JAMA Ophthalmology 133, 683-689, doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.0471 (2015).
21    de Jong, P. Myopia: its historical contexts. Br J Ophthalmol 102, 1021-1027, doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311625 (2018).
22    Gwiazda, J., Thorn, F. & Held, R. Accommodation, accommodative convergence, and response AC/A ratios before and at the onset of myopia in children. Optom Vis Sci 82, 273-278 (2005).
23    Goss, D. A. U., E.F. Effectiveness of bifocal control of childhood myopia progression as a function of near point phoria and binocular cross-cylinder. Journal of Optometry and Visual Development 26, 12-17 (1995).
24    Berntsen, D. A., Sinnott, L. T., Mutti, D. O. & Zadnik, K. A randomized trial using progressive addition lenses to evaluate theories of myopia progression in children with a high lag of accommodation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53, 640-649, doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7769 (2012).
25    Gwiazda, J., Chandler, DL, Cotter SA, Everett DF, Hyman L, Kaminski BM, et al. Progressive-Addition Lenses versus Single-Vision Lenses for Slowing Progression of Myopia in Children with High Accommodative Lag and Near Esophoria. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52, 2749-2757, doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6631 (2011).
26    Gwiazda, J. et al. A randomized clinical trial of progressive addition lenses versus single vision lenses on the progression of myopia in children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44, 1492-1500 (2003).
27    Goss, D. A. & Grosvenor, T. Rates of childhood myopia progression with bifocals as a function of nearpoint phoria: consistency of three studies. Optom Vis Sci 67, 637-640 (1990).
28    Aller, T. A., Liu, M. & Wildsoet, C. F. Myopia Control with Bifocal Contact Lenses: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Optom Vis Sci 93, 344-352, doi:10.1097/OPX.0000000000000808 (2016).
29    Chung, K., Mohidin, N. & O’Leary, D. J. Undercorrection of myopia enhances rather than inhibits myopia progression. Vision Res 42, 2555-2559 (2002).
30    Adler, D. & Millodot, M. The possible effect of undercorrection on myopic progression in children. Clin Exp Optom 89, 315-321, doi:10.1111/j.1444-0938.2006.00055.x (2006).
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